In size (Auch et al., 2006), causing changes in urban forms. There is little doubt that the number of people living in cities will increase and that urban built-up areas will continue to change and expand Urban management (Anas et al., 1998 Schneider and Woodcock, 2008). Science of the Total Environment 671 (2019) xxx Xu, et al., Towards sustainability? Analyzing changing urban form patterns in the United States,Įurope, and Chi., Science of the Total Environment, Of urban forms, has long been a central topic in spatial planning andĠ048-9697/© 2019 Elsevier B.V. Rapid urban expansion, which leads to the evolution Urban land has generally expanded across global cities (Angel, 2012 With the increase in the number of people living in urban areas, University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China.Į-mail addresses: (T. ⁎ Corresponding author at: School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan Sample cities, but compact and central spatial growth slowed the rate of population density reduction. From the land-saving aspect of urban sustainable development, compact andĬentral spatial growth can significantly reduce per capita land consumption. It is noted that 40% of sample cities in China tended to grow in a more sprawling pattern inĢ000–2014 than in 1990–2000. Temporally, approximately 80% of sample cities kept the urban form class both in 1990–2000 andĢ000–2014. Urban forms are dominated by decentralized-sprawl in the United States, and central-compact in Europe andĬhina. Three regions have experienced rapid urban growth, while the urban forms vary greatly from reg ion to region. The urban forms were divided into the following classes:Ĭentral-compact, central-sprawl, decentralized-compact, and decentralized-sprawl. On the density distribution of the built-up area. The United States, Europe and China as examples, we developed a ternary graph to quantify urban forms based Measuring the spatiotemporal characteristics of an urbanįorm and its relationship with sustainable development is the basis of urban planning. Urban form characterizes the spatial structure of fixed elements within a city, which affects daily life and has significant influence on environmental sustainability. We proposed a ternary graph to quantify urban forms with international.Key Laboratory of Geographic Information System, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China Ting Dong, Limin Jiao ⁎, Gang Xu, Lvyue Yang, Jiafeng Liu Journal homepage: Towards sustainability? Analyzing changing urban form patterns in the Science of the Total Environment 671 (2019) xxxĬontents lists available at ScienceDirect
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